Understanding the Link Between Perimenopause and Depression: New Insights from UCL Research

A new study from University College London (UCL) has revealed that women are 40% more likely to experience depression during perimenopause than those who aren’t experiencing any menopausal symptoms. This pivotal research was recently published in the Journal of Affective Disorders and offers insights into the mental health challenges faced by women during this transitional life stage.

What is Perimenopause?

Perimenopause is the phase that typically occurs three to five years before the onset of menopause. It is marked by fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. These hormonal changes often lead to mood swings, irregular menstrual cycles, and an increased risk of depressive symptoms. The perimenopausal period continues until one year after a woman’s last period, and can last between four and eight years.

The Study’s Findings

The UCL study conducted a meta-analysis of seven studies involving 9,141 women from various countries, including Australia, the USA, China, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Unfortunately, the African continent was completely ignored in this study. 

Analysis revealed that perimenopausal women have a 40% higher risk of experiencing depressive symptoms compared to their premenopausal counterparts. However, this increased risk does not extend to postmenopausal women, who do not show a significant rise in depression rates compared to premenopausal women.

#### Measuring Depression

Researchers used standardized self-report instruments, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), to measure symptoms of depression. This questionnaire assesses factors like a lack of interest in activities, sleep issues, and low mood, providing a comprehensive picture of mental health during different stages of menopause.

Mental Health Effects

Professor Aimee Spector, a corresponding author from UCL’s Department of Psychology & Language Sciences, emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the vulnerability of perimenopausal women to depression. She advocates for increased support and screening to address their mental health needs effectively. Spector states, “Women spend years of their lives dealing with menopausal symptoms that can have a huge impact on their wellbeing and quality of life. Our findings show just how significantly the mental health of perimenopausal women can suffer during this time.”

Overall, the findings from this study stress the urgent need for greater awareness and support for perimenopausal women. By addressing their mental health needs, their quality of life can be improved and ensure they receive the care they deserve both medically, in the workplace, and at home.

As this research continues to inform healthcare practices, it is crucial that people take proactive steps to support women during perimenopause, acknowledging the impact this life stage can have on a woman’s mental health.